Grade 4 Math (Virginia SOL)

Number and Number Sense (NS)

• 4.NS.1 Use place value to read, write, and identify the place and value of digits in whole numbers up to nine digits.
• Read nine-digit standard-form numbers and write them in words.
• Write nine-digit numbers in standard form from oral or written forms.
• Apply base-10 patterns to state the place and value of each digit.
• 4.NS.2 Use base 10 understanding to compare and order whole numbers up to seven digits.
• Compare two whole numbers of up to seven digits using words or symbols.
• Order up to four whole numbers least to greatest or greatest to least.
• 4.NS.3 Represent, compare, and order fractions and mixed numbers with denominators of 12 or less.
• Compare and order up to four like-denominator fractions or mixed numbers by numerators, and justify.
• Compare and order up to four like-numerator fractions by part size, and justify.
• Order up to four fractions using benchmarks 0, one-half, and 1.
• Compare two fractions or mixed numbers using >, <, = and justify.
• Represent equivalent fractions with denominators of 12 or less.
• Compose and decompose fractions and mixed numbers in multiple ways.
• Represent whole-number division as a fraction using a context and model.
• 4.NS.4 Represent, compare, and order decimals through thousandths.
• Investigate the ten-to-one place value relationship for decimals using concrete models.
• Represent and identify decimals through thousandths in concrete, pictorial, and numerical forms.
• Read and write decimals through thousandths.
• State the place and value of each digit in a decimal.
• Compare and order up to four decimals using several strategies and justify.
• 4.NS.5 Reason about equivalence between fractions and decimals (halves, fourths, fifths, tenths, hundredths).
• Represent fractions and mixed numbers as decimals through hundredths.
• Model equivalent relationships between fractions and decimals.
• Write the decimal and fraction equivalent shown by a model.

Computation and Estimation (CE)

• 4.CE.1 Estimate, solve, and justify single- and multistep whole-number addition and subtraction problems.
• Decide whether an estimate or exact answer fits, and refine estimates.
• Estimate sums and differences up to 10,000 using rounding or compatible numbers.
• Compute sums and differences up to 10,000 using strategies and the standard algorithm.
• Estimate, solve, and justify contextual problems with numbers up to 1,000,000.
• 4.CE.2 Estimate, solve, and justify multiplication and division of whole numbers; recall facts through 12 × 12.
• Decide whether an estimate or exact answer fits a multiplication or division context.
• Recall multiplication facts through 12 × 12 and matching division facts.
• Write equations showing equivalent expressions using the four operations.
• Use = and ≠ to show expressions are equal or not equal across the four operations.
• Find all factor pairs for whole numbers from 1 to 100.
• Find common factors and the greatest common factor of up to three numbers.
• Estimate and compute products of two-by-one, three-by-one, and two-by-two digit factors.
• Estimate, solve, and justify single- and multistep contextual multiplication problems.
• Estimate and compute quotients with one-digit divisors, with and without remainders.
• Estimate, solve, and justify single-step contextual division problems.
• Interpret the quotient and remainder in a contextual problem.
• 4.CE.3 Add and subtract fractions with like denominators and multiply a whole number by a unit fraction.
• Estimate and compute sums and differences of like-denominator fractions, simplifying results.
• Solve single-step contextual problems adding or subtracting like-denominator fractions.
• Solve contextual problems multiplying a whole number (12 or less) by a unit fraction, using models.
• Apply the inverse property of multiplication using fraction models (e.g. 4/4 = 4 × 1/4).
• 4.CE.4 Estimate, solve, and justify addition and subtraction of decimals through thousandths.
• Estimate and compute decimal sums and differences through thousandths (limited digits).
• Solve single- and multistep contextual decimal addition and subtraction problems.

Measurement and Geometry (MG)

• 4.MG.1 Solve problems involving length, weight/mass, and liquid volume in U.S. Customary and metric units.
• Choose appropriate units for length, weight/mass, and liquid volume.
• Estimate and measure length, weight/mass, and liquid volume to the nearest specified unit.
• Compare estimates with actual measurements.
• Convert within the U.S. Customary system given one equivalent measure.
• 4.MG.2 Solve single- and multistep elapsed-time problems in hours and minutes within 12 hours.
• Find elapsed, start, or end time given the other two, including across a.m. and p.m.
• 4.MG.3 Develop and use area and perimeter formulas for rectangles and squares.
• Use concrete materials and pictures to develop area and perimeter formulas.
• Find area and perimeter of a rectangle from two adjacent side lengths.
• Find area and perimeter of a square from one side length.
• Explore how the area and perimeter of rectangles relate.
• Represent rectangles with equal perimeters but different areas, or the reverse.
• Solve contextual problems involving rectangle and square area and perimeter.
• 4.MG.4 Identify, describe, and draw points, rays, segments, angles, and lines, including parallel and perpendicular lines.
• Identify and describe points, lines, segments, rays, and angles, including endpoints and vertices.
• Describe endpoints and vertices in relation to lines, segments, rays, and angles.
• Draw points, segments, rays, angles, and lines with a ruler or straightedge.
• Identify parallel, perpendicular, and intersecting lines in plane and solid figures and contexts.
• Use symbolic notation to name points, lines, segments, rays, and angles.
• 4.MG.5 Classify and describe quadrilaterals using specific properties and attributes.
• Develop definitions of parallelograms, rectangles, squares, rhombi, and trapezoids by exploring properties.
• Identify and describe points, segments, angles, and vertices in quadrilaterals.
• Identify parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, and congruent sides in quadrilaterals.
• Compare and classify quadrilaterals by parallel, perpendicular and congruent sides and right angles.
• Mark parallel sides, congruent sides, and right angles with geometric markings.
• Use symbolic notation to name segments and angles in quadrilaterals.
• 4.MG.6 Identify, describe, compare, and contrast plane and solid figures by their characteristics.
• Identify models and pictures of cubes, prisms, pyramids, spheres, cones, and cylinders.
• Describe solid figures by their angles, vertices, edges, and faces.
• Compare plane and solid figures by sides, angles, vertices, edges, and faces.

Probability and Statistics (PS)

• 4.PS.1 Apply the data cycle with line graphs.
• Formulate questions that require collecting or acquiring data.
• Determine needed data and collect or acquire it (10 or fewer data points).
• Make line graphs with title, labeled axes, and whole-number increments.
• Analyze line graphs and communicate results, inferences, conclusions, and predictions.
• 4.PS.2 Model and determine the probability of an outcome of a simple event.
• Describe likelihood using impossible, unlikely, equally likely, likely, and certain.
• Model and list all outcomes of a simple event (24 or fewer) with manipulatives.
• Write the probability of a simple event as a fraction between 0 and 1.
• Relate the likelihood of an event to a whole-number or fraction representation.
• Create a model or contextual problem representing a given probability.

Patterns, Functions, and Algebra (PFA)

• 4.PFA.1 Identify, describe, extend, and create patterns using addition, subtraction, or multiplication.
• Identify and create patterns with objects, pictures, numbers, number lines, tables, and function machines.
• Find the single-operation rule, extend patterns, or find missing terms.
• Given a rule, create patterns using numbers and input/output tables.
• Solve contextual problems using single-operation input and output rules.