Computer Mathematics (Virginia SOL)

Data Representation and Storage (DRS)

• CM.DRS.1 Represent data in different number systems and convert between them.
• Represent data in binary, decimal and hexadecimal.
• Convert data between number systems, such as binary and decimal.
• CM.DRS.2 Tell variable data types apart by their features and choose the right type for a purpose.
• Describe Boolean, character, integer, decimal and string types.
• Choose the data type a task needs.
• CM.DRS.3 Choose and use data structures such as lists, arrays or objects to store data.
• Choose a suitable data structure for a task.
• Declare, type and fill one- or two-dimensional lists or arrays.
• Access and change single elements of a list or array.
• Use predefined objects to group related data of different types.

Components of Programming (CP)

• CM.CP.1 Plan a solution step by step with flowcharts or pseudocode, defining variables and conditions.
• Plan subtasks with a flowchart or pseudocode.
• Define the variables a task needs.
• State pre-conditions and post-conditions for inputs and outputs.
• CM.CP.2 Write Boolean expressions and conditional statements to control the flow of a program.
• Write Boolean expressions with logical and relational operators.
• Write and run "if" statements.
• Write and run "if/else" statements.
• Write nested and chained conditionals.
• Work out which code runs for true or false conditions.
• CM.CP.3 Use "while" and "for" loops, telling fixed-count repetition from condition-based repetition.
• Write and run "while" and "for" loops.
• Tell fixed-count loops from indefinite loops.
• Identify conditions that cause infinite loops.
• Work out the result of code that contains loops.
• CM.CP.4 Write the output stage of a program, including formatted text, a GUI display, devices and files.
• Produce output as formatted text, a GUI display or output to a physical device.
• Write output to a file.
• CM.CP.5 Write input code that stores values a user enters and validates them.
• Write input statements that store values given by the user.
• Validate input with exception handling, such as a loop.
• Work out a program's output for a given input.
• CM.CP.6 Use library functions to process data and do math, including overloaded functions.
• Use library functions to process data.
• Use library math functions such as random, absolute value, square root and power.
• Use void and return library functions.
• Use overloaded library functions.
• CM.CP.7 Write user-defined void and return functions that take parameters.
• Write a user-defined function for a task or subtask.
• Write void and return functions.
• Write functions that take parameters.
• CM.CP.8 Use predefined search and sort algorithms on one-dimensional lists or arrays.
• Tell types of search routine apart.
• Tell types of sort routine apart.
• Implement predefined algorithms.
• Implement sequential and binary search on one-dimensional lists or arrays.
• Implement selection, insertion and merge sorts on one-dimensional lists or arrays.

Applications of Programming (AP)

• CM.AP.1 Write programs that combine sequencing, selection and iteration to solve problems.
• Identify the programming parts a plan needs.
• Write a program that uses sequencing, selection and iteration.
• Solve math problems with formulas, functions, probability, statistics and data analysis.
• CM.AP.2 Document programs with comments on purpose, plan, conditions and readability.
• Use comments to state purpose, match the plan, note conditions and make code readable.
• CM.AP.3 Check how a program accesses and processes variables.
• Check that variable types fit the purpose of the algorithm.
• Check that global variables are constants set before run time.
• Tell variable scopes such as global and local apart and check how they are used.
• CM.AP.4 Turn mathematical expressions and statements into program code.
• Declare, initialize and assign variables for math expressions.
• Apply the order of operations, including logical and relational operators.
• Convert a math expression or statement into program statements.
• CM.AP.5 Trace existing code to work out what it is meant to do.
• Trace code to find values at each step and predict what functions return.
• Use tracing to explain the purpose of the code.

Evaluation of Programming (EP)

• CM.EP.1 Test a program against sample output using data sets.
• Produce a given output by entering a data set.
• Test boundary cases and wrong data types to check results.
• CM.EP.2 Find and fix errors with a range of debugging techniques.
• Tell syntax, runtime and logic errors apart.
• Debug with error messages, breakpoints, intermediate output, commenting out, tracing and debugging tools.
• CM.EP.3 Compare how efficient different programs are. (to be re-checked)
• Compare algorithms with the same result by complexity, memory use and run time.