8th Grade Math (Iowa Core)

The Number System (NS)

• 8.NS.A.1 Classify numbers as rational or irrational, showing rational decimals repeat and converting repeating decimals to fractions.
• 8.NS.A.2 Use rational approximations to compare irrational numbers, place them on a number line and estimate expressions.

Expressions and Equations (EE)

• 8.EE.A.1 Use properties of integer exponents to make equivalent numerical expressions.
• 8.EE.A.2 Use square and cube root symbols for solutions of x² = p and x³ = p and evaluate small perfect squares and cubes.
• 8.EE.A.3 Use a single digit times a power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities and compare them.
• 8.EE.A.4 Calculate with scientific notation, mixing decimal and scientific forms, choosing sensible units and reading technology output.
• 8.EE.B.5 Graph proportional relationships, read the unit rate as slope and compare relationships shown in different ways.
• 8.EE.B.6 Use similar triangles to explain why slope is constant on a line and derive y = mx and y = mx + b (a–b).
• 8.EE.C.7 Solve one-variable linear equations (a: one, infinitely many or no solutions; b: rational coefficients, distributing, like terms).
• 8.EE.C.8 Analyze and solve systems of two linear equations (a–c: graph intersections, algebraic solving, real problems).

Functions (F)

• 8.F.A.1 Describe a function as a rule giving exactly one output for each input, its graph being the input–output pairs.
• 8.F.A.2 Compare properties of two functions shown in different ways, e.g. which has the greater rate of change.
• 8.F.A.3 Interpret y = mx + b as a linear function with a straight-line graph and give examples of nonlinear functions.
• 8.F.B.4 Build a function for a linear relationship, finding rate of change and starting value from a description, two points, a table or graph.
• 8.F.B.5 Describe a relationship from a graph (increasing or decreasing, linear or not) and sketch a graph from a description.

Geometry (G)

• 8.G.A.1 Check by experiment that rotations, reflections and translations keep lines, lengths, angles and parallel lines (a–c).
• 8.G.A.2 Explain congruence as a sequence of rotations, reflections and translations and describe such a sequence.
• 8.G.A.3 Use coordinates to show how dilations, slides, turns and flips change 2D figures.
• 8.G.A.4 Explain similarity as a sequence of rigid motions and dilations and describe such a sequence.
• 8.G.A.5 Use informal arguments about triangle angle sums, exterior angles, transversals of parallel lines and angle-angle similarity.
• 8.G.B.6 Explain why the Pythagorean theorem and its converse are true.
• 8.G.B.7 Use the Pythagorean theorem to find unknown sides of right triangles in 2D and 3D problems.
• 8.G.B.8 Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the distance between two points on a coordinate plane.
• 8.G.C.9 Use the volume formulas for cones, cylinders and spheres to solve problems.

Statistics and Probability (SP)

• 8.SP.A.1 Make and interpret scatter plots of bivariate data and describe clusters, outliers and the type of association.
• 8.SP.A.2 Fit a straight line informally to a linear-looking scatter plot and judge how well it fits.
• 8.SP.A.3 Solve problems with a linear model's equation and explain what its slope and intercept mean.
• 8.SP.A.4 Build and interpret two-way tables for two categorical variables and use relative frequencies to look for association.