2nd Grade English Language Arts and Reading (Texas TEKS)

110.4(b)(1) Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language

• 110.4(b)(1) Students build oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion.
• 110.4(b)(1)(A) Listen attentively, ask questions to understand, and answer using multi-word responses.
• 110.4(b)(1)(B) Follow, restate, and give short, related sequences of oral directions.
• 110.4(b)(1)(C) Share information on the topic clearly, using proper language conventions.
• 110.4(b)(1)(D) Collaborate by following discussion rules, taking turns, and building on peers' ideas.
• 110.4(b)(1)(E) Use social communication, such as distinguishing between asking and telling.

110.4(b)(2) Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--beginning reading and writing

• 110.4(b)(2) Students learn word structure through phonological awareness, print concepts, phonics, and morphology to read and spell.
• 110.4(b)(2)(A) Demonstrate phonological awareness through rhyming, vowel sounds, sound changes, and phoneme manipulation.
• 110.4(b)(2)(A)(i) Produce rhyming words.
• 110.4(b)(2)(A)(ii) Distinguish long and short vowel sounds in one- and multisyllable words.
• 110.4(b)(2)(A)(iii) Notice how a spoken word changes when a sound is added, changed, or removed.
• 110.4(b)(2)(A)(iv) Manipulate phonemes within base words.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B) Apply phonetic knowledge to decode words.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B)(i) Decode words with short, long, or variant vowels, trigraphs, and blends.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B)(ii) Decode words with silent letters.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B)(iii) Decode multisyllabic words using common syllable types.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B)(iv) Decode compound words, contractions, and abbreviations.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B)(v) Decode words using syllable division patterns.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B)(vi) Decode words with prefixes and inflectional endings.
• 110.4(b)(2)(B)(vii) Identify and read high-frequency words from a research-based list.
• 110.4(b)(2)(C) Apply spelling knowledge to write words accurately.
• 110.4(b)(2)(C)(i) Spell multisyllabic words using common syllable types.
• 110.4(b)(2)(C)(ii) Spell words with silent letters.
• 110.4(b)(2)(C)(iii) Spell compound words, contractions, and abbreviations.
• 110.4(b)(2)(C)(iv) Spell multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns.
• 110.4(b)(2)(C)(v) Spell words using syllable division patterns, including double consonants.
• 110.4(b)(2)(C)(vi) Spell words with prefixes and inflectional endings.
• 110.4(b)(2)(D) Alphabetize words and use a dictionary or glossary to locate them.
• 110.4(b)(2)(E) Form all cursive letters correctly, connecting them with proper strokes.

110.4(b)(3) Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--vocabulary

• 110.4(b)(3) Students use new vocabulary expressively and determine word meanings through resources and context.
• 110.4(b)(3)(A) Use print or digital resources to find meanings and pronunciations of unknown words.
• 110.4(b)(3)(B) Use context within and beyond a sentence to figure out unfamiliar words.
• 110.4(b)(3)(C) Identify and use words with affixes un-, re-, -ly, -er, -est, and -ion/-tion/-sion.
• 110.4(b)(3)(D) Identify, use, and explain antonyms, synonyms, idioms, and homographs in context.

110.4(b)(4) Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--fluency

• 110.4(b)(4) Read grade-level text with appropriate rate, accuracy, and expression.

110.4(b)(5) Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--self-sustained reading

• 110.4(b)(5) Choose texts independently and read them for sustained periods of time.

110.4(b)(6) Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts

• 110.4(b)(6) Students use metacognitive skills to deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts.
• 110.4(b)(6)(A) Set a purpose for reading both assigned and self-selected texts.
• 110.4(b)(6)(B) Ask questions before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding.
• 110.4(b)(6)(C) Make predictions and confirm or correct them using text features and genre.
• 110.4(b)(6)(D) Form mental images to deepen understanding of the text.
• 110.4(b)(6)(E) Connect text to personal experiences, other texts, and society.
• 110.4(b)(6)(F) Make inferences and support them with text evidence.
• 110.4(b)(6)(G) Determine key ideas by evaluating which details matter most.
• 110.4(b)(6)(H) Combine information from texts to form new understanding.
• 110.4(b)(6)(I) Monitor understanding and adjust, such as by rereading, when confused.

110.4(b)(7) Response skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts

• 110.4(b)(7) Students respond to increasingly challenging texts that are read, heard, or viewed.
• 110.4(b)(7)(A) Describe personal connections to a variety of sources.
• 110.4(b)(7)(B) Write brief comments that show understanding of literary or informational texts.
• 110.4(b)(7)(C) Support responses with text evidence.
• 110.4(b)(7)(D) Retell or paraphrase texts in logical order while keeping their meaning.
• 110.4(b)(7)(E) Engage meaningfully with texts, for example through illustrations or writing.
• 110.4(b)(7)(F) Use newly learned vocabulary in responses when appropriate.

110.4(b)(8) Multiple genres: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--literary elements

• 110.4(b)(8) Students recognize and analyze literary elements across increasingly complex texts.
• 110.4(b)(8)(A) Determine basic themes using text evidence.
• 110.4(b)(8)(B) Describe main characters' internal and external traits.
• 110.4(b)(8)(C) Describe plot elements: main events, conflict, and resolution, in read-aloud or independent texts.
• 110.4(b)(8)(D) Explain why the setting is important to the story.

110.4(b)(9) Multiple genres: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--genres

• 110.4(b)(9) Students recognize genre characteristics, structures, and purposes across diverse texts.
• 110.4(b)(9)(A) Identify distinguishing features of well-known children's literature, such as folktales and fables.
• 110.4(b)(9)(B) Explain visual patterns and structures in a variety of poems.
• 110.4(b)(9)(C) Discuss drama elements such as characters, dialogue, and setting.
• 110.4(b)(9)(D) Recognize characteristics and structures of informational text.
• 110.4(b)(9)(D)(i) Identify the central idea and supporting evidence with help.
• 110.4(b)(9)(D)(ii) Use titles and simple graphics to gain information.
• 110.4(b)(9)(D)(iii) Follow the steps in a sequence with help.
• 110.4(b)(9)(E) Recognize characteristics of persuasive text.
• 110.4(b)(9)(E)(i) State what the author wants readers to think or do.
• 110.4(b)(9)(E)(ii) Distinguish facts from opinions.
• 110.4(b)(9)(F) Recognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts.

110.4(b)(10) Author's purpose and craft: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts

• 110.4(b)(10) Students analyze authors' choices and how they shape meaning, then apply craft to their own work.
• 110.4(b)(10)(A) Explain the author's purpose for writing a text.
• 110.4(b)(10)(B) Explain how text structure supports the author's purpose.
• 110.4(b)(10)(C) Analyze how print and graphic features achieve specific purposes.
• 110.4(b)(10)(D) Explain how descriptive, literal, and figurative language is used.
• 110.4(b)(10)(E) Identify whether a text uses first- or third-person point of view.
• 110.4(b)(10)(F) Identify and explain the use of repetition.

110.4(b)(11) Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--writing process

• 110.4(b)(11) Students use the writing process recursively to produce legible texts with appropriate conventions.
• 110.4(b)(11)(A) Plan a first draft by choosing a genre and generating ideas for a specific audience and purpose.
• 110.4(b)(11)(B) Develop drafts into focused pieces.
• 110.4(b)(11)(B)(i) Organize writing with a clear structure.
• 110.4(b)(11)(B)(ii) Develop ideas with specific, relevant details.
• 110.4(b)(11)(C) Revise drafts by adding, deleting, or rearranging words, phrases, or sentences.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D) Edit drafts using standard English conventions.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(i) Write complete sentences with subject-verb agreement.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(ii) Use past, present, and future verb tenses.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(iii) Use singular, plural, common, and proper nouns.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(iv) Use adjectives, including articles.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(v) Use adverbs that show time and place.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(vi) Use prepositions and prepositional phrases.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(vii) Use subjective, objective, and possessive pronouns.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(viii) Use coordinating conjunctions to form compound subjects, predicates, and sentences.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(ix) Capitalize months, days, and letter salutations and closings.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(x) Use end punctuation, apostrophes in contractions, and commas in series and dates.
• 110.4(b)(11)(D)(xi) Spell grade-appropriate and high-frequency words correctly.
• 110.4(b)(11)(E) Publish and share writing.

110.4(b)(12) Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--genres

• 110.4(b)(12) Students compose literary, informational, and correspondence texts using genre characteristics and craft.
• 110.4(b)(12)(A) Compose literary texts, such as personal narratives and poetry.
• 110.4(b)(12)(B) Compose informational texts, including procedural texts and reports.
• 110.4(b)(12)(C) Compose correspondence, such as thank-you notes or letters.

110.4(b)(13) Inquiry and research: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts

• 110.4(b)(13) Students engage in short-term and sustained inquiry for a variety of purposes.
• 110.4(b)(13)(A) Generate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult help.
• 110.4(b)(13)(B) Develop and follow a research plan with adult help.
• 110.4(b)(13)(C) Identify and gather relevant sources and information to answer questions.
• 110.4(b)(13)(D) Identify primary and secondary sources.
• 110.4(b)(13)(E) Demonstrate understanding of the information gathered.
• 110.4(b)(13)(F) Cite sources appropriately.
• 110.4(b)(13)(G) Present results in written, oral, or multimodal form.