8th Grade Math (Kentucky Academic Standards)

The Number System (NS)

• KY.8.NS.1 Know numbers have decimal forms: rational ones end or repeat, the rest are irrational.
• KY.8.NS.2 Use rational approximations to compare, place and estimate irrational numbers.

Expressions and Equations (EE)

• KY.8.EE.1 Use the rules of integer exponents to write equivalent numerical expressions.
  • a. Work with roots and whole-number exponents together.
• KY.8.EE.2 Use square and cube roots for solutions and evaluate small perfect squares and cubes.
• KY.8.EE.3 Estimate very large or small quantities in scientific notation and compare their sizes.
• KY.8.EE.4 Calculate with scientific notation, choose suitable units and read technology output.
• KY.8.EE.5 Graph proportional relationships with the unit rate as slope and compare them.
• KY.8.EE.6 Use similar triangles to show slope is constant and explain y = mx and y = mx + b.
• KY.8.EE.7 Solve linear equations in one variable, including with rational coefficients.
  • a. Show examples with one, infinitely many or no solutions by simplifying.
  • b. Solve equations with rational coefficients using the distributive property and like terms.
• KY.8.EE.8 Analyze and solve systems of two linear equations and link solutions to where graphs meet.
  • a. Know a solution is an intersection point and that there may be one, none or infinitely many.
  • b. Solve by substitution when a coefficient is one, or by inspection in simple cases.
  • c. Solve real and mathematical problems that lead to two linear equations.

Functions (F)

• KY.8.F.1 Know a function gives exactly one output for each input and its graph shows the pairs.
• KY.8.F.2 Compare two functions given in different ways: equations, graphs, tables or words.
• KY.8.F.3 Understand linear functions and recognize functions that are not linear.
  • a. Know y = mx + b is a linear function whose graph is a straight line.
  • b. Give examples of functions that are not linear.
• KY.8.F.4 Build a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities.
  • a. Find the rate of change and starting value from any representation.
  • b. Explain the rate of change and starting value in context, graphs and tables.
• KY.8.F.5 Use graphs to describe and sketch how two quantities are related.
  • a. Describe the relationship between quantities by analyzing a graph.
  • b. Sketch a graph that matches a description of a function's features.

Geometry (G)

• KY.8.G.1 Check by experiment that rotations, reflections and translations keep lines, lengths, angles and parallel lines.
• KY.8.G.2 Know congruent figures are linked by rotations, reflections and translations and describe the sequence.
• KY.8.G.3 Use coordinates to describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations and reflections.
• KY.8.G.4 Know similar figures are linked by rigid motions and dilations and describe the sequence.
• KY.8.G.5 Give informal arguments about triangle angle sums, exterior angles, parallel lines and AA similarity.
• KY.8.G.6 Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse.
• KY.8.G.7 Find missing sides of right triangles in real problems in two and three dimensions.
• KY.8.G.8 Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two points on a grid.
• KY.8.G.9 Use volume and surface area formulas for cones, cylinders and spheres in problems.

Statistics and Probability (SP)

• KY.8.SP.1 Make and interpret scatter plots, looking for patterns of association and outliers.
• KY.8.SP.2 Fit straight lines informally to scatter plots and judge how well they fit.
• KY.8.SP.3 Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems and interpret slope and intercept.