Kindergarten English (Virginia SOL)

Foundations for Reading (FFR)

• K.FFR.1 Understand how print is organized and read, including sentence, word, and letter features.
• Track print left to right and top to bottom, including the return sweep.
• Tell the difference between a sentence, a word, and a letter.
• Recognize that spoken words are shown in print, separated by spaces.
• Identify the author and illustrator and explain each role.
• Identify the front cover, back cover, and title of a text.
• Recognize sentence features such as capital letters and end punctuation.
• K.FFR.2 Orally identify and produce individual sounds in words to support reading and spelling.
• Segment spoken sentences into words and words into syllables.
• Blend and segment one-syllable words by onset and rime.
• Isolate initial, medial, and final sounds in three-phoneme words.
• Segment and blend one-syllable words of two to four phonemes, including digraphs.
• K.FFR.3 Apply phonetic principles to read and spell words.
• Identify capital and lowercase letters of the alphabet.
• Identify common letter-sound correspondences.
• Distinguish long and short vowel sounds in open and closed syllables.
• Know that every word contains a vowel sound.
• Identify letter-sound correspondences for consonant digraphs.
• Blend CV, CVC, and VC words using letter-sound knowledge.
• Decode and encode short-vowel words, including words that begin or end with a digraph.
• Read high-frequency, decodable, and irregular words automatically and accurately.

Developing Skilled Readers and Building Reading Stamina (DSR)

• K.DSR Build knowledge and comprehension by reading and listening to a range of texts and gathering evidence.
• Use letter-sound knowledge to read and reread decodable sentences and texts.
• Text complexity – introduced in Grade 2.
• With support, cite several pieces of evidence from read-alouds, quoting or paraphrasing accurately.
• Regularly listen to sets of related texts on a topic to build knowledge and vocabulary.
• Reading strategies – introduced in Grade 3.

Reading and Vocabulary (RV)

• Build vocabulary and word knowledge systematically from kindergarten content and texts heard.
• K.RV.1 Develop vocabulary and word analysis through discussion, questions, reference materials, and listening.
• Discuss the meanings of words met in a variety of texts and experiences.
• Ask questions about words that are not understood.
• Use vocabulary from across content areas.
• Identify the purpose of simple reference materials.
• Broaden vocabulary by listening to high-quality, complex text.
• Use newly learned words and phrases in discussion and speaking.

Reading Literary Text (RL)

• Use evidence from texts heard to show comprehension and build knowledge from a range of literary texts.
• K.RL.1 Key ideas and details in familiar stories: characters, events, retelling, and predictions.
• With support, connect prior experience and background knowledge to the text.
• With support, identify characters, setting, important events, and details.
• With support, retell a familiar story in order.
• With support, predict characters and events using the text.
• K.RL.2 Craft and style – introduced in Grade 3.
• K.RL.3 Integrate concepts across illustrations and stories and monitor listening comprehension.
• With support, describe how an illustration relates to the moment in the story it shows.
• With support, compare characters, events, or settings in two familiar stories.
• With support, monitor listening comprehension.

Reading Informational Text (RI)

• Use evidence from texts heard to show comprehension and build knowledge from informational texts.
• K.RI.1 Key ideas and details: questions, main topic, and key details.
• With support, ask and answer literal and inferential questions about a text.
• With support, identify the main topic and key details.
• K.RI.2 Craft and style of informational texts.
• With support, identify the purpose of tables of contents, headings, bold words, and pictures.
• K.RI.3 Integrate concepts across two informational texts.
• With support, identify similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic.
• With support, describe connections between individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information.

Foundations for Writing (FFW)

• Print legibly in manuscript.
• K.FFW.1 Handwriting: letter formation, capitals, directionality, writing names, and spacing.
• Use a functional pencil grasp to form letters.
• Print capital and lowercase letters accurately and automatically.
• Write left to right and top to bottom.
• Print first and last names, capitalizing each initial letter.
• Leave spaces between words in phrases and sentences.
• K.FFW.2 Spell one-syllable words and attempt unknown words using sound-symbol knowledge.
• Spell one-syllable short-vowel words, including words beginning or ending with a digraph.
• Spell unknown words with logical invented spelling.
• With support, spell high-frequency words using sound-symbol correspondences.

Writing (W)

• Write in a variety of forms linked to kindergarten content and texts.
• K.W.1 Modes and purposes: narrative, descriptive, and responses to texts.
• Combine drawing, dictating, and writing to tell a sequenced story.
• Combine drawing, dictating, and writing to describe a topic with relevant details.
• Combine drawing, dictating, and writing to respond to texts heard.
• K.W.2 Organization and composition: prewriting and simple sentences.
• With guidance, use prewriting to identify audience and purpose and compose simple topic sentences.
• K.W.3 Usage and mechanics – see Language Usage.

Language Usage (LU)

• Use Standard English conventions and tell formal from informal contexts.
• K.LU.1 Grammar: complete sentences, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs.
• Produce and expand complete sentences in shared language activities.
• Use nouns to name people, places, and things.
• Use pronouns to refer to individuals and groups.
• Use adjectives to describe quantity, size, age, shape, color, or location.
• Use verbs to name specific actions.
• K.LU.2 Mechanics: capitalization, end punctuation, and phonetic spelling.
• With guidance, capitalize the first word of a sentence and the pronoun I.
• With guidance, tell statements from questions and use end punctuation.
• Spell words phonetically using known letter-sound correspondences.

Communication and Multimodal Literacies (C)

• Develop oral communication and collaboration skills to build a community of learners.
• K.C.1 Communication, listening, and collaboration in discussions.
• Join collaborative discussions by listening actively, building on others' ideas, and asking questions.
• K.C.2 Speaking and presenting ideas, including personal experiences and oral activities.
• Describe personal experiences in complete sentences.
• Speak audibly with appropriate pace, expression, and volume.
• Take part in oral language activities such as choral speaking and reciting short poems or songs.
• Retell, create, and dictate sequenced stories using drama, props, or pictures.
• K.C.3 Integrating multimodal literacies – introduced in Grade 3.
• K.C.4 Examining media messages – introduced in Grade 4.

Research (R)

• Conduct research and listen to related texts to build knowledge or solve problems.
• K.R.1 Gather, evaluate, and share information from pictures, texts, people, and other sources.
• With support, choose a topic of interest and a question to explore.
• With support, find information about a topic from pictures, texts, people, or other sources.
• With support, record facts by drawing, writing, or dictating.
• With support, share recorded research informally with a group.