2nd Grade ELA (South Dakota Content Standards)

Reading Literature (RL)

• 2.RL.1 Ask and answer who, what, where, when, why and how questions to show understanding of key ideas.
• 2.RL.2 Retell stories from different cultures and genres and identify the central message, theme, lesson or moral.
• 2.RL.3 Analyze how characters respond to major events and challenges.
• 2.RL.4 Explain how words and phrases, literal and nonliteral, create meaning, tone or emotion.
• 2.RL.5 Evaluate text structure at sentence, paragraph and larger levels and how it links to overall meaning.
• 2.RL.6 Describe how characters' points of view or the purpose shape a text's content.
• 2.RL.7 Use background knowledge, pictures and words to understand characters, setting or plot.
• 2.RL.9 Compare how different authors treat the same topic.
• 2.RL.10 By year end, read and make sense of many kinds of literary texts.
  • a. Read grade-level texts of growing difficulty and complexity.
  • b. With prompting and support, choose texts for enjoyment, interest and schoolwork.

Reading Informational Text (RI)

• 2.RI.1 Ask and answer who, what, where, when, why and how questions about key ideas.
• 2.RI.2 Identify the main topic of a text of several paragraphs and support it with key details.
• 2.RI.3 Explain how historical events, scientific ideas or technical steps connect.
• 2.RI.4 Work out the meaning of words and phrases linked to grade 2 topics.
• 2.RI.5 Use text features to find key facts.
• 2.RI.6 Name what a text is mainly for, such as the question, explanation or description the author offers.
• 2.RI.7 Explain how images such as photos, charts and diagrams add to and clarify a text.
• 2.RI.8 Describe how details support particular points the author makes.
• 2.RI.9 Compare and contrast the main ideas of two texts on the same topic.
• 2.RI.10 By year end, read and make sense of many kinds of informational texts.
  • a. Read grade-level informational texts of growing difficulty and complexity.
  • b. With guidance and support, choose informational texts for enjoyment, interest and schoolwork.

Reading Foundational Skills (RF)

• 2.RF.2 Work with spoken words, syllables and sounds.
  • a. Blend 5–6 sounds to make words.
  • b. Add first, last or middle sounds to words.
  • c. Segment words of 5–6 sounds.
  • d. Delete first, last or middle sounds from words.
  • e. Swap first, last or middle sounds in words.
• 2.RF.3 Decode and spell words using grade-level phonics and word analysis.
  • a. Decode and spell regular two-syllable words with long and short vowels.
  • b. Decode and spell common vowel teams, including diphthongs.
  • c. Decode vowel variants.
  • d. Decode and spell words with vowel-r patterns.
  • e. Decode and spell words with silent letters.
  • f. Decode and spell words with common prefixes and suffixes.
  • g. Decode two-syllable words of all syllable patterns.
  • h. Spell two-syllable words using open, closed, silent-e and vowel-r syllables.
  • i. Read and spell grade-level high-frequency words.
• 2.RF.4 Read accurately and fluently enough to support understanding.
  • a. Read grade-level text with purpose and understanding.
  • b. Read aloud accurately, at a suitable pace and with expression over repeated readings.
  • c. Check reading for accuracy and understanding, rereading when needed.

Language (L)

• 2.L.1 Follow standard English grammar and usage in speech and writing.
  • a. Use common, proper, possessive and collective nouns.
  • b. Form and use common irregular plural nouns.
  • c. Make subjects and verbs agree for singular and plural nouns and pronouns.
  • d. Use reflexive pronouns such as myself and ourselves.
  • e. Form the past tense of common irregular verbs such as sat, hid and told.
  • f. Choose between adjectives and adverbs by what they describe.
  • g. Use prepositions of direction, time and movement.
  • h. Use conjunctions to make, expand and rearrange simple and compound sentences.
  • i. Use commonly confused words such as to, too and two correctly.
• 2.L.2 Use standard capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing.
  • a. Print letters correctly and space words and sentences so others can read them.
  • b. Capitalize proper nouns.
  • c. Use commas in letter greetings and closings, in lists of single words and in compound sentences.
  • d. Use apostrophes in contractions and singular possessives.
  • e. Spell grade-level high-frequency words correctly.
  • f. Use learned spelling patterns when writing.
  • g. Use print or digital references to check and fix spelling.
• 2.L.3 Apply what they know about language and its rules in writing, speaking, reading and listening.
  • a. Choose words and phrases for effect.
  • b. Notice and follow the differences between formal and informal English.
• 2.L.4 Figure out new and multiple-meaning words with a flexible set of strategies.
  • a. Use clues in the sentence to work out a word's or phrase's meaning.
  • b. Work out word meanings when common prefixes and suffixes are added.
  • c. Use a known root word to work out an unknown word with the same root.
  • d. Predict the meaning of compound words from their parts.
  • e. Use print or digital references to find or clarify word meanings.
• 2.L.5 Understand word relationships and shades of meaning.
  • a. Link words to real-life use, e.g. describing foods as spicy or juicy.
  • b. Sort words by several attributes, such as synonyms, antonyms, size, color and type.
• 2.L.6 Use subject-specific words in reading, writing, speaking and listening.

Writing (W)

• 2.W.1 Write opinion pieces.
  • a. Introduce an opinion with a topic sentence.
  • b. Give reasons and details that support the opinion.
  • c. Use linking words such as so, but, because and for example.
  • d. End with a concluding sentence or paragraph.
• 2.W.2 Write informative pieces.
  • a. Introduce the topic with a topic sentence.
  • b. Use facts and details to develop points.
  • c. Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas.
  • d. End with a concluding sentence or paragraph.
• 2.W.3 Write narratives such as stories or poems.
  • a. Retell one well-developed event or a short chain of events.
  • b. Include details about actions, thoughts, dialogue and feelings.
  • c. Use transition words to signal the order of events.
  • d. Give a sense of closure.
• 2.W.4 With support, use planning tools such as brainstorming, outlines or mind maps to keep writing clear.
• 2.W.5 With support from adults, peers or digital tools, revise to sharpen focus and edit for clarity.
• 2.W.6 With support, use digital tools to produce and publish writing, alone or with others.
• 2.W.7 Take part in shared research and writing projects to build knowledge.
• 2.W.8 Draw on what they know and on print or digital sources to write on a topic in their own words.
• 2.W.10 With help, write often to build stamina for different tasks, purposes and readers.

Speaking and Listening (SL)

• 2.SL.1 Take part in group talks with classmates and adults about grade 2 topics and texts.
  • a. Follow agreed rules for discussion.
  • b. Link comments to what others have said.
  • c. Ask for clarification and explanation to understand topics and texts better.
• 2.SL.2 Retell and describe main ideas or details from content read aloud or shown in other media.
• 2.SL.3 Ask and answer questions to clarify, gather information or deepen understanding.
• 2.SL.4 Tell a story or an experience in clear sentences with fitting facts and descriptive details.
• 2.SL.5 Make audio recordings, visual displays, performances or media to express ideas about stories or poems.
• 2.SL.6 Speak in complete sentences when suitable to give requested detail or clarification.