Grades 11–12 ELA (Ohio's Learning Standards)

Reading Literature (RL)

• RL.11-12.1 Cite strong, thorough evidence, including where the text leaves matters uncertain.
• RL.11-12.2 Determine two or more themes and analyze how they interact and build on one another.
  • a. Trace how several themes interact and develop.
  • b. Write a detailed analysis of the whole text.
• RL.11-12.3 Analyze the effect of an author's choices about setting, order of events and introducing characters.
• RL.11-12.4 Work out connotative, denotative and figurative meanings and analyze word choice's effect on tone and mood.
• RL.11-12.5 Analyze how choices about where to begin or end a story shape meaning and aesthetic effect.
• RL.11-12.6 Analyze where satire, sarcasm, irony or understatement separate what is said from what is meant.
• RL.11-12.7 Evaluate several interpretations of a source text, including a Shakespeare play and an American drama.
• RL.11-12.9 Show knowledge of foundational American literature from the 1700s to early 1900s and compare themes.
• RL.11-12.10 Read grades 11–CCR literature proficiently by grade 11 and independently by grade 12.

Reading Informational Text (RI)

• RI.11-12.1 Cite strong, thorough evidence, including where the text leaves matters uncertain.
• RI.11-12.2 Analyze how two or more central ideas develop and interact.
  • a. Trace how central ideas interact.
  • b. Write an informative abstract.
• RI.11-12.3 Analyze how complex ideas or sequences of events interact and develop.
• RI.11-12.4 Work out word meanings and analyze how an author refines a key term over a text.
• RI.11-12.5 Evaluate how effective an author's structure is at making points clear and engaging.
• RI.11-12.6 Determine point of view or purpose in effective rhetoric and analyze how style and content persuade.
• RI.11-12.7 Combine and evaluate sources in different formats to answer a question or solve a problem.
• RI.11-12.8 Evaluate reasoning in seminal U.S. texts and public advocacy.
• RI.11-12.9 Analyze 17th–19th century foundational U.S. documents for themes, purposes and rhetoric.
• RI.11-12.10 Read grades 11–CCR literary nonfiction proficiently by grade 11 and independently by grade 12.

Writing (W)

• W.11-12.1 Write arguments on substantive topics with valid reasoning and relevant, sufficient evidence.
  • a. Write a thorough thesis for a complex argument.
  • b. Introduce knowledgeable claims and their significance.
  • c. Develop claims and counterclaims fairly with strong evidence.
  • d. Link sections with varied syntax and transitions.
  • e. Keep a formal, objective style.
  • f. End with a conclusion that supports the argument.
• W.11-12.2 Write informative texts that convey complex ideas accurately through careful selection, organization and analysis.
  • a. Write a clear, thorough thesis.
  • b. Introduce the topic so each part builds on the last.
  • c. Develop thoroughly with the most significant evidence.
  • d. Link sections with varied transitions and syntax.
  • e. Use precise language and metaphor, simile and analogy.
  • f. Keep a formal, objective style.
  • g. End by stating implications or significance.
• W.11-12.3 Write real or imagined narratives with effective technique and a structure that builds tone.
  • a. Set significance, point of view and characters.
  • b. Use dialogue, pacing, reflection and multiple plot lines.
  • c. Order events to build a chosen tone.
  • d. Use precise words and telling details.
  • e. End by reflecting on resolutions.
• W.11-12.4 Produce coherent writing whose organization and style suit task and audience.
• W.11-12.5 Revise and rewrite, focusing on what matters most for purpose and audience.
• W.11-12.6 Use technology to publish and update writing in response to feedback and new information.
• W.11-12.7 Do short and sustained research, adjusting scope and synthesizing sources.
• W.11-12.8 Gather authoritative sources with advanced searches, weigh their strengths and limits and cite properly.
• W.11-12.9 Draw evidence from texts to support analysis, reflection and research.
  • a. Compare early American texts on similar themes.
  • b. Evaluate reasoning in seminal U.S. texts.
• W.11-12.10 Write routinely over short and extended time frames for many tasks and audiences.

Speaking and Listening (SL)

• SL.11-12.1 Start and take part in a range of discussions, building on ideas and stating views persuasively and civilly.
  • a. Come prepared and refer to evidence.
  • b. Promote civil, democratic discussion; set goals, deadlines and roles.
  • c. Probe reasoning, hear all positions and challenge conclusions.
  • d. Synthesize claims and evidence and identify further research needed.
• SL.11-12.2 Combine several sources in different media to make decisions or solve problems, noting discrepancies.
• SL.11-12.3 Evaluate a speaker's point of view, premises, links, word choice, emphasis and tone.
• SL.11-12.4 Present evidence with a clear perspective, addressing opposing views for audience and purpose.
• SL.11-12.5 Use digital media strategically to strengthen understanding of findings.
• SL.11-12.6 Adapt speech to contexts and tasks, using formal English when suitable.

Language (L)

• L.11-12.1 Understand that usage is a matter of convention and resolve contested usage with references.
  • a. See usage as conventional, changing and sometimes contested.
  • b. Resolve complex usage questions with references.
• L.11-12.2 Follow hyphenation conventions and spell correctly.
  • a. Observe hyphenation conventions.
  • b. Spell correctly.
• L.11-12.3 Vary syntax for effect and analyze syntax when reading complex texts.
  • a. Vary syntax for effect.
  • b. Analyze syntax in complex texts.
• L.11-12.4 Work out word meanings using context, word patterns, references and checking.
  • a. Use context clues.
  • b. Use patterns of word change.
  • c. Consult references for meaning, etymology or usage.
  • d. Verify a guessed meaning.
• L.11-12.5 Interpret figures of speech and analyze nuances in word meanings.
  • a. Interpret hyperbole and paradox.
  • b. Analyze nuances of similar words.
• L.11-12.6 Learn and use college-ready academic and subject words, researching unknown terms independently.