9th Grade ELA (New York Next Generation)

Reading (Literary and Informational)

• 9-10R1 (RI&RL) Cite strong evidence for analysis of what a text says directly and implies, and pose deeper questions.
• 9-10R2 (RI&RL) Find one or more themes or central ideas, trace how details shape them and summarize objectively.
• 9-10R3 (RL) Analyze how complex characters develop, interact, move the plot along or build the theme.
• 9-10R3 (RI) Analyze how an author orders and develops an argument, introducing and connecting ideas.
• 9-10R4 (RI&RL) Work out figurative and connotative meanings and analyze how word choice shapes tone and mood.
• 9-10R5 (RL) Consider how choices about structure, order of events and handling of time shape meaning and the reader's response.
• 9-10R5 (RI) Consider how the author's intent shapes sentences, paragraphs and larger sections.
• 9-10R6 (RI&RL) Analyze how viewpoint and purpose shape stated and implied messages through rhetorical and literary devices.
• 9-10R7 (RI&RL) Compare how a subject is shown in two or more formats and what each stresses, changes or leaves out.
• 9-10R8 (RI&RL) Set out and evaluate an argument's claims, judging validity or fallacy by checking the evidence.
• 9-10R9 (RI&RL) Choose and develop criteria to judge text quality and link texts to ideas, cultures, eras and their own experience.

Writing

• 9-10W1 Write arguments on substantial topics or texts, backing claims with valid reasoning and relevant, sufficient evidence.
• 9-10W1a State precise claims, set them apart from counterclaims and organize how claims, reasons and evidence connect.
• 9-10W1b Develop claims and counterclaims fairly with evidence, showing strengths and limits and anticipating the audience's concerns.
• 9-10W1c Use precise language and subject vocabulary suited to the complexity of the topic.
• 9-10W1d Use varied linking words to make key connections, hold the text together and show how complex ideas relate.
• 9-10W1e End by explaining why the argument matters.
• 9-10W1f Keep a style and tone that suit the task.
• 9-10W2 Write informative texts that convey complex ideas clearly and accurately through well-chosen and analyzed content.
• 9-10W2a Introduce and organize complex ideas so that important links and differences are clear.
• 9-10W2b Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, quotations and paraphrase, plus formatting or media that aid understanding.
• 9-10W2c Use precise subject vocabulary that matches the complexity of the topic.
• 9-10W2d Use varied linking words to connect ideas, hold the text together and show how complex concepts relate.
• 9-10W2e End with a statement explaining why the information matters.
• 9-10W2f Keep a style that suits the task.
• 9-10W3 Write narratives with strong technique, well-chosen details and well-structured sequences of events.
• 9-10W3a Draw readers in with a problem, conflict or observation, set a point of view and introduce a narrator or characters.
• 9-10W3b Bring experiences, events and characters to life with dialogue, pacing, description, reflection and plot lines.
• 9-10W3c Order events so the narrative holds together and flows smoothly.
• 9-10W3d Use exact words, clear details and sensory language to paint a vivid picture.
• 9-10W3e End by reflecting on what was experienced, observed or resolved.
• 9-10W4 Respond creatively to a text or experience, such as with a poem, story, play or artwork, and explain changes from the original. (to be re-checked)
• 9-10W5 Use evidence from literature or informational texts as support for analysis, reflection and research, applying the reading standards.
• 9-10W6 Research to answer questions or solve problems, narrowing or widening the inquiry and combining several sources.
• 9-10W7 Gather information with advanced searches, judge usefulness, use it selectively, avoid plagiarism and cite properly.

Speaking and Listening

• 9-10SL1 Take part well in many kinds of discussion on complex topics, building on others' ideas and stating views clearly.
• 9-10SL1a Come ready with researched material and use evidence to start a well-reasoned exchange.
• 9-10SL1b Set norms for discussion and decisions, plus goals, deadlines and roles as needed.
• 9-10SL1c Ask and answer questions that link the talk to wider themes, bring others in and clarify, check or challenge ideas.
• 9-10SL1d Respond thoughtfully to different views, sum up agreement and disagreement and refine their views with new evidence.
• 9-10SL2 Combine several sources in different formats, judging each one's credibility, accuracy and relevance.
• 9-10SL3 Evaluate a speaker's viewpoint, reasoning, evidence and rhetoric, spotting fallacies or distorted evidence.
• 9-10SL4 Present claims, findings and evidence clearly, briefly and logically, in a style suited to task, purpose and audience.
• 9-10SL5 Use digital media or visuals deliberately to deepen understanding and engage the audience.
• 9-10SL6 Adapt speech to different settings and tasks, using formal English when suitable.

Language

• 9-10L3 Apply what they know about how language works in context to choose words and structures well for meaning or style.
• 9-10L3a Write and edit work to follow a recognized style manual suited to the subject.
• 9-10L4 Use a range of strategies flexibly to work out unknown and multiple-meaning words.
• 9-10L4a Use context, such as nearby sentences or paragraphs or a word's position, to infer meaning.
• 9-10L4b Recognize and correctly use patterns of word change that signal different meanings or parts of speech.
• 9-10L4c Use general and specialist references for pronunciation, exact meaning, part of speech or word origin.
• 9-10L4d Check a first guess at a word's meaning in context or in a dictionary.
• 9-10L5 Show understanding of figurative language, word relationships and shades of meaning.
• 9-10L5a Interpret figures of speech such as euphemism and oxymoron in context and analyze their role.
• 9-10L5b Analyze fine differences between words with similar dictionary meanings.
• 9-10L6 Learn and use correctly general academic and subject words for reading, writing, speaking and listening.