Kindergarten ELA (Maine Learning Results)

Language 1: Grammar and usage

• L1.K.1 Use common everyday nouns and verbs when speaking.
• L1.K.2 Say regular plurals aloud by adding the /s/ or /es/ ending.
• L1.K.3 Understand and ask questions with who, what, where, when, why and how.
• L1.K.4 Use the most common prepositions such as in, on, to and with.
• L1.K.5 Build complete sentences and add to them during shared language work.

Language 2: Capitalization, punctuation and spelling

• L2.K.1 Capitalize the first word of a sentence and the word I.
• L2.K.2 Recognize and name the marks that end sentences.
• L2.K.3 Write the letter or letters that stand for most consonant and short-vowel sounds.
• L2.K.4 Spell simple words by sound, using letter-sound knowledge.

Language 3: Using knowledge of language

• L3.K.1 Apply what they know about language and its rules when talking and listening.

Language 4: Working out word meanings

• L4.K.1 Work out the meaning of new and multiple-meaning words from kindergarten reading and topics.
• L4.K.2 Learn and use new meanings of familiar words, such as duck the bird and to duck.
• L4.K.3 Use the most common endings and prefixes, such as -ed, re- and un-, as clues to an unknown word.

Language 5: Figurative language and word relationships

• L5.K.1 With adult help, explore how words relate and how their meanings differ slightly.
• L5.K.2 Sort everyday objects into groups such as shapes or foods to grasp the ideas behind them.
• L5.K.3 Understand common verbs and adjectives by pairing them with their opposites.
• L5.K.4 Connect words to real life, such as naming colorful places at school.
• L5.K.5 Tell apart verbs of manner (peek, stare) and adjectives of intensity (large, gigantic) by defining, choosing or acting them out.

Language 6: Academic and subject vocabulary

• L6.K.1 Use words and phrases picked up from conversation, reading, being read to and responding to texts.

Speaking and Listening 1: Collaborative discussion

• SL1.K.1 Join group conversations with peers and adults about kindergarten topics and texts.
• SL1.K.2 Follow agreed discussion rules such as listening and taking turns.
• SL1.K.3 Keep a conversation going over several back-and-forth turns.

Speaking and Listening 2: Understanding and judging what is presented

• SL2.K.1 Show they understood a read-aloud or media by asking and answering questions about its key details.
• SL2.K.2 Ask and answer questions to get help, find out more or clear up confusion.

Speaking and Listening 3: Presenting information and evidence

• SL3.K.1 Describe familiar people, places, objects and events, adding detail with help.
• SL3.K.2 Add drawings or other visuals to descriptions for extra detail.

Speaking and Listening 4: Adapting speech

• SL4.K.1 Speak loudly enough and share thoughts, feelings and ideas clearly.

Reading 1: Print concepts

• R1.K.a Follow print from left to right, line by line down the page, then page by page.
• R1.K.b Understand that spoken words are written down as particular letter sequences.
• R1.K.c Know that spaces separate words in print.
• R1.K.d Recognize and name every capital and lowercase letter.

Reading 2: Phonological awareness

• R2.K.a Recognize and make rhymes.
• R2.K.b Count, say, blend and split the syllables in spoken words.
• R2.K.c Blend and split onsets and rimes in one-syllable spoken words.
• R2.K.d Isolate and say the first, middle vowel and last sounds in CVC words (not those ending in l, r or x).
• R2.K.e Add or swap single sounds in short one-syllable words to make new words.

Reading 3: Phonics and word recognition

• R3.K.a Know one-to-one letter-sound matches, giving the main sound for each consonant.
• R3.K.b Link the long and short sounds of the five main vowels to their common spellings.
• R3.K.c Read common high-frequency words on sight.
• R3.K.d Tell apart words with similar spellings by noticing which letter sounds differ.

Reading 4: Close reading and textual evidence

• R4.K.1 With help, ask and answer who, what, when, where and how questions about a text.

Reading 5: Summary, themes and central ideas

• R5.K.1 With help, retell familiar stories, including who, what, when, where and how.
• R5.K.2 With help, retell key details of a text and name its main topic.

Reading 6: How characters, events and ideas develop

• R6.K.1 With help, identify the characters, setting and main events of a story.
• R6.K.2 With help, describe how two people, events, ideas or facts in a text connect.

Reading 7: Word meanings in texts

• R7.K.1 With help, ask and answer questions about unfamiliar words in a text.

Reading 8: Text structure and features

• R8.K.1 Identify texts that tell a story.
• R8.K.2 Identify texts that give information.

Reading 9: Perspective and purpose

• R9.K.1 With help, name a story's author and illustrator and explain what each does.
• R9.K.2 With help, name a text's author and illustrator and explain how each presents the information.

Reading 10: Arguments and claims

• R10.K.1 With help, name the reasons that support a point made by an author or character.

Reading 11: Integrating texts, forms and media

• R11.K.1 With help, describe how pictures and text relate.
• R11.K.2 With help, compare and contrast characters' experiences in familiar stories.
• R11.K.3 With help, describe how the text relates to what an illustration shows.
• R11.K.4 With help, compare and contrast two texts on one topic.

Reading 12: Fluency

• R12.K.1 Read beginning-reader texts with purpose and understanding.

Writing 1: Inquiry and research

• W1.K.1 Explore questions through shared research and writing projects.
• W1.K.2 With adult help, answer questions using given sources or their own experiences.

Writing 2: Process, production and technology

• W2.K.1 With adult help, respond to peer questions and ideas and add details to improve writing.
• W2.K.2 With adult help, try out digital tools to make and share writing, including with peers.

Writing 3: Composing for audience and purpose

• W3.K.1 Print many capital and lowercase letters.
• W3.K.2 Draw and write to share a topic.