PHP lesson 8: if, elseif and else
US version. US grades and US spelling. · UK version of this lesson
if (condition) { … } runs the block only when the condition is true. else { … } runs when it is false. elseif (…) adds more checks. A complete 40-minute PHP lesson (Grades 9–12), from Unit 3: Decisions. It runs right here in your browser – nothing to install.
- Time
- 40 minutes + 20 min homework
- Grade
- Grades 9–12 (ages 14–18)
- You need
- A computer or tablet, paper and a pencil
- Graded
- Instantly, with explanations
For parents: how to use this lesson
You don't need to know PHP yourself. The lesson explains each step on screen, the way Mr Babbage, our Head of Computing, likes it: a worked example first, then a go for your child. Your child predicts what code prints, traces it and puts it in order – graded straight away – and then writes and fixes real PHP in the practice test, where it runs in the browser.
- Read what your child will learn together.
- Press Start the lesson below. Sit with your child for the teaching and the worked example (about 16 minutes): ask them to say what each line does.
- Let them do the practice on their own, then the write-it and fix-it questions in the practice test. When code goes wrong, PHP's message is a clue – let them read it out and try again before you help.
- Finish with the talk question: Why does the ORDER of elseif tests matter? Use grades as an example.
Watch out for
- Every true branch runs. Only the first true branch runs.
if ($x = 3)checks whether $x is 3. It stores 3; use==to compare.
Miss Lovelace's tip for home: ask your child to explain one line of their program to you in their own words. If they can explain it, they understand it – and every message from PHP is a clue, not a failure.
What your child will learn
Learning goal: use if, elseif and else with curly brackets.
Success looks like
- I can use
if,elseifandelsewith curly brackets. - I can predict which branch runs.
- I can avoid
=inside a condition.
Key words
selection · condition · branch · if · elseif · else
What to have ready
- A device with a web browser (PHP runs in the browser – nothing to install)
- Paper for tracing
- A keyboard helps for typing code (a tablet or phone works too)
The big ideas (for the adult)
if (condition) { … } runs the block only when the condition is true. else { … } runs when it is false. elseif (…) adds more checks.
PHP checks the conditions from the top and runs ONLY THE FIRST true branch – the rest are skipped. So put the most specific test first: check for 90 before 50.
= stores a value; == compares. if ($x = 3) STORES 3 in $x and is always true – a bug that gives no error message.
Worked example – see it
<?php
$t = 21;
if ($t > 20) {
echo "hot";
} else {
echo "not hot";
}It prints:
hot
The lesson, step by step
| Part | Time | How it is checked |
|---|---|---|
| Starter | 5 min | Graded by Classfern |
| Teaching input | 8 min | Read, watch and talk |
| See it, then predict | 8 min | Graded by Classfern |
| Put it in order, trace it, check it | 14 min | Graded by Classfern |
| Closure and exit ticket | 5 min | Graded by Classfern + self-check |
The lesson
It runs here on the page. No sign-up and no names – progress is kept only in this browser. Each visit picks a new mix of questions.
Homework
20 minutes: 5 questions – predict what code prints, trace it or put it in order, and check the key ideas – then a short reflection. New questions every time, all graded instantly.
Write it and fix it: practice tests
The practice tests run real PHP in your browser: write and fix short programs, graded against hidden tests.
Curriculum
CSTA K–12 Computer Science Standards (2017): 3A-AP-15 – Justify choice of control structures (implementation, readability, performance).
The standard codes are CSTA's; the descriptions are our own words.
Our lessons and questions are our own. They are not written or endorsed by any government department, testing agency or exam board. Classfern is not affiliated with or endorsed by The PHP Group. PHP runs here as php-wasm, under its open-source licences.