PHP lesson 19: Making HTML with PHP
US version. US grades and US spelling. · UK version of this lesson
PHP's main job is making web pages. It prints HTML as text: echo "<h1>Menu</h1>";. The tags are part of the output – the browser turns them into a page afterwards. A complete 40-minute PHP lesson (Grades 9–12), from Unit 7: PHP and the web. It runs right here in your browser – nothing to install.
- Time
- 40 minutes + 20 min homework
- Grade
- Grades 9–12 (ages 14–18)
- You need
- A computer or tablet, paper and a pencil
- Graded
- Instantly, with explanations
For parents: how to use this lesson
You don't need to know PHP yourself. The lesson explains each step on screen, the way Mr Babbage, our Head of Computing, likes it: a worked example first, then a go for your child. Your child predicts what code prints, traces it and puts it in order – graded straight away – and then writes and fixes real PHP in the practice test, where it runs in the browser.
- Read what your child will learn together.
- Press Start the lesson below. Sit with your child for the teaching and the worked example (about 16 minutes): ask them to say what each line does.
- Let them do the practice on their own, then the write-it and fix-it questions in the practice test. When code goes wrong, PHP's message is a clue – let them read it out and try again before you help.
- Finish with the talk question: What would change on a menu page if the cafe added a new dish to the array?
Watch out for
- PHP shows the page, not tags. The output is HTML text with its tags.
- You need a new HTML file for each list. One loop makes the list from any array.
Miss Lovelace's tip for home: ask your child to explain one line of their program to you in their own words. If they can explain it, they understand it – and every message from PHP is a clue, not a failure.
What your child will learn
Learning goal: print HTML tags with echo.
Success looks like
- I can print HTML tags with
echo. - I can build a list or table from an array.
- I can explain that the server sends the HTML TEXT to the browser.
Key words
HTML · tag · dynamic page · template · list · table
What to have ready
- A device with a web browser (PHP runs in the browser – nothing to install)
- Paper for tracing
- A keyboard helps for typing code (a tablet or phone works too)
The big ideas (for the adult)
PHP's main job is making web pages. It prints HTML as text: echo "<h1>Menu</h1>";. The tags are part of the output – the browser turns them into a page afterwards.
With a loop you can turn data into HTML: for each item, echo "<li>$item</li>\n";. Change the array and the page changes – no HTML to edit by hand.
Printing "\n" after each tag keeps the HTML tidy to read. The browser ignores those new lines, but people checking your output will thank you.
Worked example – see it
<?php
echo "<b>" . strtoupper("river") . "</b>";It prints:
<b>RIVER</b>
The lesson, step by step
| Part | Time | How it is checked |
|---|---|---|
| Starter | 5 min | Graded by Classfern |
| Teaching input | 8 min | Read, watch and talk |
| See it, then predict | 8 min | Graded by Classfern |
| Put it in order, trace it, check it | 14 min | Graded by Classfern |
| Closure and exit ticket | 5 min | Graded by Classfern + self-check |
The lesson
It runs here on the page. No sign-up and no names – progress is kept only in this browser. Each visit picks a new mix of questions.
Homework
20 minutes: 5 questions – predict what code prints, trace it or put it in order, and check the key ideas – then a short reflection. New questions every time, all graded instantly.
Write it and fix it: practice tests
The practice tests run real PHP in your browser: write and fix short programs, graded against hidden tests.
Curriculum
CSTA K–12 Computer Science Standards (2017): 3A-AP-18 – Create artifacts using procedures, data+procedure combinations or interrelated programs; 3B-AP-16 – Reuse code from libraries and APIs.
The standard codes are CSTA's; the descriptions are our own words.
Our lessons and questions are our own. They are not written or endorsed by any government department, testing agency or exam board. Classfern is not affiliated with or endorsed by The PHP Group. PHP runs here as php-wasm, under its open-source licences.