PHP lesson 10: for loops

UK version. UK school years and UK spelling. · US version of this lesson

for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) { … } has three parts: start ($i = 1), keep going while ($i <= 5) and the step ($i++, add 1). A complete 40-minute PHP lesson (Years 10–11, KS4), from Unit 4: Loops. It runs right here in your browser – nothing to install.

Time: 40 minutes + 20 min homework
Year: Years 10–11, KS4 (ages 14–18)
You need: A computer or tablet, paper and a pencil
Marked: Instantly, with explanations

For parents: how to use this lesson

You don't need to know PHP yourself. The lesson explains each step on screen, the way Mr Babbage, our Head of Computing, likes it: a worked example first, then a go for your child. Your child predicts what code prints, traces it and puts it in order – marked straight away – and then writes and fixes real PHP in the practice test, where it runs in the browser.

Read what your child will learn together.
Press Start the lesson below. Sit with your child for the teaching and the worked example (about 16 minutes): ask them to say what each line does.
Let them do the practice on their own, then the write-it and fix-it questions in the practice test. When code goes wrong, PHP's message is a clue – let them read it out and try again before you help.
Finish with the talk question: How many times does for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i += 3) run? Show your working.

Watch out for

$i < 5 includes 5. Trace it: the last value is 4.
The loop body runs once. It runs once for every pass of the loop.

Miss Lovelace's tip for home: ask your child to explain one line of their program to you in their own words. If they can explain it, they understand it – and every message from PHP is a clue, not a failure.

What your child will learn

We are learning to write a for loop with a start, a test and a step.

Success looks like

I can write a for loop with a start, a test and a step.
I can predict how many times a loop runs.
I can count up, count down and count in steps.

Key words

iteration · for loop · counter · increment · off-by-one

What to have ready

A device with a web browser (PHP runs in the browser – nothing to install)
Paper for tracing
A keyboard helps for typing code (a tablet or phone works too)

The big ideas (for the adult)

for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) { … } has three parts: start ($i = 1), keep going while ($i <= 5) and the step ($i++, add 1).

The test is checked BEFORE each pass. $i < 5 stops before 5; $i <= 5 includes 5. Getting this wrong is an "off-by-one" bug.

Steps can be any size: $i += 2 counts in twos, and $i-- counts down. A loop variable is a normal variable, so you can use it in sums and strings.

Worked example – see it

<?php
for ($i = 1; $i <= 3; $i++) {
    echo "guitar ";
}

It prints:

guitar guitar guitar

The lesson, step by step

40 minutes in 5 parts
Part	Time	How it is checked
Starter	5 min	Marked by Classfern
Teaching input	8 min	Read, watch and talk
See it, then predict	8 min	Marked by Classfern
Put it in order, trace it, check it	14 min	Marked by Classfern
Plenary and exit ticket	5 min	Marked by Classfern + self-check

The lesson

It runs here on the page. No sign-up and no names – progress is kept only in this browser. Each visit picks a new mix of questions.

Homework

20 minutes: 7 questions – predict what code prints, trace it or put it in order, and check the key ideas – then a short reflection. New questions every time, all marked instantly.

Write it and fix it: practice tests

The practice tests run real PHP in your browser: write and fix short programs, marked against hidden tests.

All PHP practice tests · All 24 PHP lessons

Curriculum

National curriculum in England, computing, key stage 4: pupils should be taught to develop and apply their analytic, problem-solving, design, and computational thinking skills.

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Our lessons and questions are our own. They are not written or endorsed by any government department, testing agency or exam board. Classfern is not affiliated with or endorsed by The PHP Group. PHP runs here as php-wasm, under its open-source licences.